Top 10 Scientists in India

Science is an important part of our everyday life, even more so than we notice. From our fancy gadgets to the technologies we can’t live without, from our humble light bulb to the space explorations, it is all gift of science and technology.

India is presently ranked third in the world for the most attractive investment destinations for technological transactions, implying that India’s scientific areas have advanced significantly. India has risen to the top of the scientific research rankings in the twenty-first century. 

Let’s look at the Top 10 scientists in India.

Satyendra Nath Bose

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Bose he is one of the top 10 scientists in India. He was an Indian mathematician and physicist, have specialised in theoretical physics.  He was born in Calcutta, Bengal, on 1 January 1894 and died on 4 February 1974. His spouse was Ushabati Bose.  He received his education at Visva-Bharati, the University of Dhaka, and the University of Calcutta. 

Bose, along with Indian Astrophysicist Meghnad Saha, presented several papers in theoretical physics and pure mathematics from 1918 onwards. In 1924, whilst a Reader in the Physics Department of the University of Dhaka, Bose wrote a paper deriving Planck’s quantum radiation law without any reference to classical physics by using a novel way of counting states with identical particles. 

This paper was seminal in creating the important field of quantum statistics. His achievements are Bachelor of Science in mixed mathematics for the first position in 1913; he was ranked first in his masters in 1915. He spoke Sanskrit, Bengali, English, French, and numerous other languages fluently.

 Additionally, he enjoyed playing musical instruments like the esraj. Planck’s quantum radiation law was derived by him, although. Bose made very outstanding contributions to physics by developing the statistics known after his name as Bose statistics. 

In recent years this statistics is found to be of profound importance in the classifications of fundamental particles and has contributed immensely to the development of nuclear physics. During the period from 1953 to date, he has made a number of highly interesting contributions of far-reaching consequences on the subject of Einstein’s Unitary Field Theory. Overall he is one of the top scientists in India.

Homi J Bhaba

Homi, is one of the top 10 scientists in India also known as the father of Indian Nuclear programme was born in 1909 in Bombay Presidency of the then British India. He went against his father’s wishes of seeing Homi as a mechanical engineering and chased his dreams of studying Physics, particularly nuclear physics. 

Home published his first scientific paper on “The Absorption of Cosmic Radiation” in 1933, for which he received a doctorate. After his course in Cambridge, he joined the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, where he established a Cosmic Ray Research Unit. 

Homi was also instrumental in convincing the then government to establish a nuclear programme in India which was named the Atomic Energy Commission. He gained international prominence after deriving a correct expression for the probability of scattering positrons by electrons, a process now known as Bhabha scattering. 

His major contributions included work on Compton scattering, R-process, and the advancement of nuclear physics.  He was elected a Foreign Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1958, and appointed the President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics from 1960 to 1963. Overall he is one of the top scientists in India.

Prafulla Chandra Ray

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Prafulla Chandra Ray is one of the top 10 scientists in India. In 1896, he published a paper on preparation of a new stable chemical compound: mercurous nitrite. This work made way for a large number of investigative papers on nitrites and hyponitrites of different metals, and on nitrites of ammonia and organic amines. 

He and his students had crumbled this field for several years, leading to a long discipline of research laboratories. Around 1895 Prafulla Chandra started his work in the field of discovering nitrite chemistry which turned out to be extremely effective. In 1896, he published a paper on preparation of a new stable chemical compound: mercurous nitrite. 

This work made way for a large number of investigative papers on nitrites and hyponitrites of different metals, and on nitrites of ammonia and organic amines. He and his students had crumbled this field for several years, leading to a long discipline of research laboratories.He contributed articles in Bengali to many monthly magazines, particularly on scientific topics. Overall he is one of the top scientists in India.

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan is one of the top 10 scientists in India. He was a college dropout, the self-taught mathematician who spent his young age on the floor of a temple surrounded by Hindu deities. He contributed to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite series.

 He also contributed to the theory of numbers include pioneering discoveries of the properties of the partition function. Ramanujan died at 32 from a misdiagnosed illness, leaving behind three enigmatic notebooks. Of his thousands of results, a dozen or two are now proven correct.

 He tried to work extraordinarily with the English Mathematician G.H. Hardy in England and produced new theorems having highly advanced results. His most well-known thesis is “highly composite numbers” 1916. His general and notebook, the Ramanujan General, was established in every area of mathematics and is been analysed and studied till today. No wonder he is one of the top scientists in India. 

Mitali Mukerji

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She was one of the top 10 scientists in India formerly a Chief Scientist at the CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology with notable achievement in the field of human genomics and personalized medicine. 

She is best known for initiating the field of “Ayurgenomics” in partnership with her colleague Dr. Bhavana Prasher under the mentorship of Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari. One of her most notable works was deciphering the functions of Alu regions, the most abundant transposon found in primate populations.

Her and her team concluded that these sequences code for RNA that serve as transcription factors, regulating a multitude of cell functions, including heat shock stress responses. 

Mukerji’s publications on Alu sequences provide evidence of its involvement in homeostatic maintenance in humans, as well as the functions of miRNA as regulatory pathways specific to humans. They also tracked the mutational history and lineages of this polymorphism, in both humans and other related primates. Overall is one of the top scientists in India. 

Aryabhata

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Aryabhata is one of the top 10 scientists. Aryabhata is one of the genius and first Indian mathematician in the world, and he made many discoveries in the field of mathematics, such as Algebraic Identities, Trigonometrical Functions, The Value of pi, Place Value System, etc. His discovery of the closest approximate value of ‘pi’ eased the complications of mathematics. 

Above all, he founded the place value system and zero, which are one of his major contributions in the history of mathematics. He was the center of many discoveries of trigonometric functions, which are very useful today. Aryabhata wrote many books, and most of them are lost, but his major work is in “Aryabhatiya.”

 He divides his book into two different sections of mathematics and astronomy. The mathematical section of the book covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry. It also contains continued fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of sines. 

With mathematics Aryabhatta’s work created a great influence on astronomical traditions too. His calculation methods have the base of trigonometry with trigonometric tables and definitions of sine and cosine termed as Jya and kojya. In his honour, India’s first satellite was named Aryabhata, and it was also featured on the back side of a 2 rupee note. Overall he is one of the top scientists.

C. N. R. Rao

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Rao was one of the top 10 scientists in India earliest to synthesise two-dimensional oxide materials such as La2CuO4. He was one of the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mid-1990s. 

His work has led to a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact in application fields such as colossal magneto resistance and high temperature superconductivity. 

Rao has been working as the National Research Professor holding the positions Linus Pauling Research Professor and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, which he founded in 1989. 

He had served as chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Prime Minister for two terms, from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014. He is also the director of the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), which he founded in 2010, and serves on the board of the Science Initiative Group. Overall he is one of the top scientists.

Birbal Sahni

He is one of the top 10 scientists in India who was also involved in the establishment of Indian science education and served as the President of the National Academy of Sciences, India and as an Honorary President of the International Botanical Congress, Stockholm. 

During the following years he not only continued his investigations but collected around him a group of devoted students from all parts of the country and built up a reputation for the University which soon became the first Center for botanical and palaeobotanical investigations in India. 

Sahni maintained close relations with researchers around the globe, being a friend of Chester A. Arnold, noted American paleobotanist who later served his year in residence from 1958–1959 at the institutSahni was interested in music and could play the sitar and the violin. 

He was also interested in clay-modelling and in playing chess and tennis. At Oxford he used to play tennis for the Indian majlis. Other interests included geology, photography, archaeology and numismatics. In 1936 he examined some coins and moulds dating to 100 BC from a dig in Khokra Kot and wrote on the possible methods involved in the casting of the coins. Overall he is one of the top scientists.

Jagadish Chandra Bose

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He is one of the top 10 scientists in India was a pioneer in the investigation of radio microwave optics, made significant contributions to botany, and was a major force behind the expansion of experimental science on the Indian subcontinent. 

Bose was the first to use a semiconductor junction to detect radio waves, and he invented various now-commonplace microwave components. In 1954, Pearson and Brattain gave priority to Bose for the use of a semi-conducting crystal as a detector of radio waves. In fact, further work at millimetre wavelengths was almost non-existent for the following 50 years.

Bose is considered the father of Bengali science fiction.  A crater on the Moon was named in his honour. Many of his instruments are still on display and remain largely usable over 100 years later. They include various antennas, polarisers, and waveguides which remain in use in modern forms today. Overall he is one of the top scientists.

Har Gobind Khorana

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He is one of the top 10 scientists in India.  After years of work, he was the first in the world to complete the total synthesis of a functional gene outside a living organism in 1972.

 He did this by extending the above to long DNA polymers using non-aqueous chemistry and assembled these into the first synthetic gene, using polymerase and ligase enzymes that link pieces of DNA together, as well as methods that anticipated the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

These custom-designed pieces of artificial genes are widely used in biology labs for sequencing, cloning and engineering new plants and animals, and are integral to the expanding use of DNA analysis to understand gene-based human disease as well as human evolution.

Khorana was the first scientist to chemically synthesize oligonucleotides. This achievement, in the 1970s, was also the world’s first synthetic gene; in later years, the process has become widespread. Subsequent scientists referred to his research while advancing genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Overall he is one of the top scientists.

Conclusion

As for conclusion these are the top Indian scientists. These scientists have contributed a lot to the science field and solved complex theories. 

see also : Top 10 Indian Mathematicians